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Что (кто) такое extremophile - определение
![The bright colors of [[Grand Prismatic Spring]], [[Yellowstone National Park]], are produced by [[thermophile]]s, a type of extremophile.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aerial image of Grand Prismatic Spring (view from the south).jpg?width=200 "The bright colors of [[Grand Prismatic Spring]], [[Yellowstone National Park]], are produced by [[thermophile]]s, a type of extremophile.")
![50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diversity of extreme environments on Earth.jpg?width=200 "50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>}}")
![Microscopic image from the hypersaline [[Lake Tyrrell]] (salinity> 20% w/v), in which the eukaryotic [[chlorophyte]], ''[[Dunaliella salina]]'', can be tentatively identified. ''Dunaliella salina'' is grown commercially for the carotenoid, [[β-carotene]], which is widely used as a natural food colorant as well as a precursor to vitamin A. Alongside is the haloarchaeon, ''[[Haloquadratum walsbyi]]'', which has flat square-shaped cells with gas vesicles that allow flotation to the surface, most likely to acquire oxygen.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Microorganisms from the hypersaline Lake Tyrrell.jpg?width=200 "Microscopic image from the hypersaline [[Lake Tyrrell]] (salinity> 20% w/v), in which the eukaryotic [[chlorophyte]], ''[[Dunaliella salina]]'', can be tentatively identified. ''Dunaliella salina'' is grown commercially for the carotenoid, [[β-carotene]], which is widely used as a natural food colorant as well as a precursor to vitamin A. Alongside is the haloarchaeon, ''[[Haloquadratum walsbyi]]'', which has flat square-shaped cells with gas vesicles that allow flotation to the surface, most likely to acquire oxygen.")
.jpg?width=200 "Scientists at a biotechnical laboratory synthesizing DNA.")
Википедия
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An extremophile (from Latin extremus meaning "extreme" and Greek philiā (φιλία) meaning "love") is an organism that is able to live (or in some cases thrive) in extreme environments, i.e. environments with conditions approaching or expanding the limits of what known life can adapt to, such as extreme temperature, radiation, salinity, or pH level.
Since the definition of an extreme environment is relative to an arbitrarily defined standard, often an anthropocentric one, these organisms can be considered ecologically dominant in the evolutionary history of the planet. Some spores and cocooned bacteria samples have been dormant for more than 40 million years, extremophiles have continued to thrive in the most extreme conditions, making them one of the most abundant lifeforms. The study of extremophiles has expanded human knowledge of the limits of life, and informs speculation about extraterrestrial life. Extremophiles are also of interest because of their potential for bioremediation of environments made hazardous to humans due to pollution or contamination.
